(in order of appearance)
| Oedipus: | king of Thebes, having defeated the Sphinx and married the queen Jocasta | 
| Priest: | a servant of the gods, who leads suffering suppliants | 
| Creon: | brother of Jocasta | 
| Chorus of Thebans: | men and women of the town of Thebes, where the play takes place | 
| Tiresias: | aged, blind seer of Thebes | 
| Jocasta: | queen of Thebes, wife of Oedipus, mother of their four children | 
| Messenger: | a herald from Corinth, where Oedipus grew up | 
| Herdsman: | a shepherd from Thebes, who spent most of his time tending his flock on Mount Cithaeron | 
| Servant: | a housemaid who serves the royal family | 
| Antigone and Ismene: | the daughters of Oedipus and Jocasta |